Australia PR Visas 2026–2027: 189 vs 190 vs 491
Direct answer
189 is independent permanent residence, 190 is state-nominated permanent residence with 5 nomination points, and 491 is a provisional regional visa with 15 nomination/sponsorship points and a possible later 191 pathway. All three points-tested routes require an EOI and invitation; 65 points is only the minimum threshold.
The NovenAI Data Team compared current subclass 189 legislation and eligibility with the 4 June 2026 invitation round, published scores and planning levels.
Based on official sources: Subclass 189 points-tested streamSubclass 189
No employer, state or family nomination is required for the points-tested stream. The occupation must be on the MLTSSL, the applicant needs a suitable skills assessment and competent English, and must be under 45 when invited. Current main-applicant cost is AUD 6,135. The visa grants permanent residence and allows living and working anywhere in Australia.
Subclass 190
A state or territory must nominate the applicant, adding 5 points. The visa is permanent, and applicants are expected to have a genuine intention to live and work in the nominating jurisdiction. Each jurisdiction sets its own current selection rules. Current main-applicant cost is AUD 6,140.
Where does your occupation sit in the Queensland 190 queue?
Enter your occupation to see the Queensland 190 pool and how much of this year's quota is already used.
Subclass 491
State nomination or eligible regional-family sponsorship adds 15 points. The visa is provisional for five years and carries regional conditions; it is not permanent residence at grant. Eligible holders may later seek subclass 191 after meeting its current requirements. Current main-applicant cost is AUD 6,140.
Shared requirements
Each pathway uses SkillSelect, an accurate EOI, an eligible occupation and suitable assessment, at least 65 points, competent English, under-45 invitation timing, and health and character requirements. An invitation normally gives 60 days to lodge and every claimed point must be evidenced.
Where do you sit in the 190 pool?
Enter your occupation and score to see how many 190 EOIs are ahead of you.
How to choose
Choose 189 for independence only if the MLTSSL and invitation competitiveness fit. Choose 190 when a state program genuinely matches the applicant and permanent residence is the goal. Consider 491 when regional living and work are realistic and the extra points help, while understanding the provisional stage. Multiple EOIs or preferences must remain accurate and consistent.
Official references: Subclass 189 points-tested stream; Subclass 190; Subclass 491; Home Affairs points calculator. Recheck the live source immediately before lodging or paying because rules, fees and published data can change.
Use the verified rules above as the starting point, then test the dates, evidence and points that apply to your profile with NovenAI. A calculator or estimate is not an invitation, nomination or visa decision.